Lingnan’s “Grey Chronicles Top Scholars” and “Music Masters” all come from Sanshan Village, Shawan Town, Panyu
In Shawan Town, Panyu, Guangzhou, there is an ancient village called “Craftsman Village”. The ancient temple of the ancestors in the village is also the only “Lu Ban Temple” discovered in Guangdong Province.
In the old days, 70% or 80% of the men in Sanshan Village were ancient buildings repair craftsmen, involving many types of ancient building plasterers, gray sculptures, brick carvings, carpenters, murals and other jobs. They traveled along the waterways across the Pearl River Delta and made a living by relying on good skills.
What kind of story does this ancient craftsman village have? Recently, the reporter came to Sanshan Village for an in-depth interview.
There is an ancient: Sanshan Craftsmen wherever the waterway reaches.
Sanshan Village is located at the west gate of Panyu District, separated from Shunde, and there are many farmlands and ponds in the village. It is a typical Lingnan water town. The “three goodnesses” in Sanshan Village refer to “Komikshappiness, Cinema virtue and blessing”, which expresses the good wishes of the ancestors.
”Before 1949, more than 75% of the males in Sanshan Village were ancient building craftsmen. At that time, women farmed at home and took children, while males took boats to work in mud and water along the waterway.” Huang Qunqing, 65 years old this year, is from Zini Village, Shawan, and is neighboring Sanshan Village. “Although they are two villages, they are as close as the same village.”
Huang Qunqing also came from a family of craftsmen and dealt with ancient buildings all his life. “I am familiar with every type of ancient building construction and decoration, civil engineering, decoration, gray plastic, brick carving, and wood carving.” At the age of 15, Huang Qunqing followed his father to travel to the Pearl River Delta, “doing mud and water work”, and participated in the renovation of Baomo Garden and Yuyin Mountain House.
When talking about the wandering life of craftsmen, Li Guangyong, a villager engaged in mural restoration, told reporters: “My father, Li Jieming, is also a muralist. He has been engaged in mural drawing and restoration for more than 40 years, and has traveled all over the Pearl River Delta region, and is rowing. If there is no convenient waterway, there will be no famous craftsmen in Sanshan Village.”
Li Guangyong is creating a gray-plastic work Photo/Li Bo
Li Guangyong told reporters that Sanshan Village is close to the Zi Ni River and Shunde Waterway, and is connected to the main channel of the Pearl River. “Where the river flows to and where there are passenger ships, there are craftsmen in Sanshan Village.”
It is understood that the places where craftsmen in Sanshan Village often go to go.There are Dongguan, Foshan, Taishan and other places. In Li Guangyong’s memory, every year on the fourth and fifth day of the Lunar New Year, craftsmen leave home and return to the construction site. During the mid-year festival, craftsmen who go out may not come back, but on the day of “Master’s Day” (the 13th day of the sixth lunar month every year), they will definitely return from rowing, dress neatly, come to the temple early, say hello to each other, and pay homage to the “ancestor” Lu Ban.
Architectural: The Aoshan Ancient Temple Group uses a saddle-type fire wall
Recently, the reporter visited the Aoshan Ancient Temple Group with ancient construction experts and villagers. The ancient temple complex is located in Fuchun Road, Sanshan Village. The building covers an area of 55Komiks. It has a sturdy building and a magnificent appearance.
The ancient temple group is backed by the green Aoshan, and in front of the temple is a square and a Fengshui pond. The ancient temple group is arranged from north to south: Shennong Ancient Temple, the ancient temple of the ancestors, the Aoshan Ancient Temple, the Baoen Temple, and the Chaoyin Pavilion, so it is called the “Ancient Temple Group”.
Aoshan Ancient Temple Group located in Sanshan Village Photo/Li Bo
Ancient Architectural Experts said that the Aoshan Ancient Temple Group is one of the few large temple groups in Panyu District. The architectural layout and sculpture art of the temple group have high artistic value. In 2000, it was announced as a historical and cultural protection zone controlled by Guangzhou City; in July 2002, it was incorporated into “Aoshan Ancient Building” and announced as a cultural relics protection unit in Guangzhou City.
Experts said that the unique feature of the Aoshan Ancient Temple Group is the design of the fire wall. Most Lingnan buildings use a wok-ear-house-style fire wall, but the Aoshan Ancient Temple Group uses a saddle-style fire wall, which is very rare in the entire Guangdong Province.
Herry-shaped volcanic gable wall, gray plastic ridge picture/Li Bo
It is said that except for Fengning Temple in Shiwan Town, Foshan City and Pan Clan Ancestral Hall in Shixiang Village, Shixiang Village, Duyang Town, Yunfu Yuncheng District, it is difficult to find traces of saddle-style fire walls in Guangdong Province.
Craftsmen: Chen Family Ancestral Gray Sculptures and Babaylan Wood carvings are all from the hands of Sanshan craftsmen
Folk culture of Panyu DistrictKomiksResearcher Liang Mou introduced that in the Ming Dynasty, Sanshan Village had gathered many folk craftsmen. “In the Qing Dynasty, the Summer Palace was built, and the court went to various places to select skilled craftsmen. Only after passing the assessment could they participate in the construction of the Summer Palace. At that time, the craftsmen in Sanshan Village were selected to participate.”
Sanshan Village Chairman Li Zhipei introduced that many famous ancient architecture craftsmen have also produced the history of Sanshan Village. The most representative figures are Jin Yaosheng and Lao Cuixi. Jin Yaosheng is the “top scholar of the gray batch” in Lingnan, Lao Cuixi is the “master of murals”. Many of the murals of the Chen Family Ancestral Ancestral Sculptures and Lingnan buildings around Panyu are from the hands of the two of them. In addition, many exquisite wood carvings in the Chen Family Ancestral Hall, the most famous ancestral hall in Guangzhou, are also masterpieces of the Sanshan craftsmen back then.
Lao Yaochun, an 81-year-old villager in Sanshan, was once an ancient building construction technician. He worked as a deputy manager at Shawan Construction Company. He also has another identity – the grandchild of Lao Cuixi.
”My brother Lao Zhuoqian and grandfather Lao Cuixi are both muralists. Many murals in temples and ancestral halls in Nanfanshun area are from them.” Usually, Lao Yaochun always likes to visit the ancient temple group of Aoshan. “When you look up here, you may see the murals of grandfather Komiks and brother.”
Talking about another person from Sanshan Village href=”https://funnybookish.com/”>CinemaLingnan gray sculpture master Jin Yaosheng, Lao Yaochun gave a thumbs up. “The gray sculpture work of Chen Jiaci was made by Master Jin Yaosheng as the foreman.” In Sanshan Village, Jin Yaosheng’s gray sculpture work “Three Heroes of the Wind and Dust” is still placed under the front eaves of Luban Temple. Its style is like the landscape of the southern country, with a refreshing cultural texture.
It is understood that as the Chen Family Ancestral Hall of the Chen Family Family in the 72 counties in the province, the entire project gathers famous craftsmen and manufacturers from all over the province. Among them, gray plastic decoration was provided by Jin Yaosheng, the “gray batch top scholar” at that time. It is precisely because of these top craftsmen that Jilingnan Li is created.https://funnybookish.com/”>BabaylanThe fine ancient building of the Chen Family Temple, which is the perfection of architectural art in the era.
Villages restore the Luban Temple and later generations praise the craftsmen
Luban has been respected by craftsmen since ancient times as the “ancestor” and “father of all craftsmen”. The Luban Temple in Sanshan Village is hidden in the Aoshan ancient temple group in the village. The ancient temple group is connected by five ancient temples. The most distinctive of which is the ancient temple of the ancestor, which worships Luban. This temple is currently the only folk temple dedicated to “Luban” found in Guangdong Province. It has a history of more than 300 years. Sanshan Village still retains the “Master’s Day” href=”https://funnybookish.com/”>Komiks‘s traditional celebration.
Babaylan Luban Temple in Sanshan Village Photo/Li Bo
The most distinctive among the ancient temples is the ancient temple of the Master, namely the Luban Temple. The temple was built in the Jiaqing and Daoguang periods of the Qing Dynasty and has been renovated several times. Expert survey data shows that the ancient temple of the Master is located in the northeast and southwest, with three rooms and three entrances, covering an area of 105.74 square meters.
The second and third entrances are hard mountain tops, with a volcanic gable wall with a herringbone seal, a gray ridge, a gray tiles, and a blue brick wall. The first entrance is a worship pavilion, decorated with a number of murals, rich murals, and rich characters, landscapes, flowers and birds, etc., with superb painting skills. The mountain gate has granite stone door frame, the stone forehead is carved with the “Xianshi Ancient Temple” and the wall lintel is decorated with the “Eight Immortals in the Drunkenness” mural.
”In 1993, I took the villagers to rebuilt this ancient temple, and the Luban statues are all remade based on old photos. “Huang Qunqing told reporters that before the renovation, some parts were collapsed and dilapidated. “The best preserved are the murals on the wall and the street bricks on the ground. At that time, many murals were painted with white ash, and the workers carefully cleaned them, which made these exquisite murals see the light of day again. ”
At the two entrances of the rebuilt ancient temple, the reporter saw two couplets. The couplets at the back hall were “The master craftsman and high-end doors were all inclusive; the rules and regulations were established to Huai (the word “Huai”) were ancient and modern”; the couplets at the front hall were “The rules were determined by the square and round Yi Shike followed this method, and the ink rope was divided into curves and straight and used all the craftsmen to make good use of their materials.” Huang Qunqing told reporters that these two couplets were written by later generations during the renovation, which highlighted theThe innermost part of the craftsman spirit is Komiks and the principles of practice.
Huang Qunqing said that since the restoration of Luban Temple, Sanshan Village will spontaneously hold a master’s birthday (i.e. Luban’s birthday). If you cannot come back, the craftsmen of Sanshan Village will celebrate at the construction site. “I have a special relationship with this Luban Temple. I will come back every year when my master is born.”
Development: selected as the second batch of national characteristic towns
Sanshan Village Chairman Li Zhipei said that in the past, 70% of the men in the entire village were engaged in the construction industry, but now only a few craftsmen are still sticking to it. “In the past, ancient buildings were focused on slow work and meticulous work. Sometimes a worker could only build 25 blue bricks and 3 step bricks a day. In the eyes of young people, craftsmen dealing with bricks and mud is a physical job, and they don’t like to do it.” Li Zhipei said.
The famous gray plastic craftsman Liang Mian is from Sanshan Village. His father was a Shawan plasterer. He learned art from his father since he was a child. He has devoted himself to studying gray plastic art for more than 50 years. The works created are used in Shawan Aoshan Ancient Temple, Baomo Garden, Nanyue Garden, Qinghui Garden, Xishan Temple, Nanhua Temple, Shunfeng Park, etc.
Now, Liang Mian opens a learning studio in Sanshan Village to inherit gray plastic skills. “I have a small gray plastic workbench at home. My grandchildren like it very much. They can learn it as soon as I free myself. I will teach them whenever I am free.”
The famous gray plastic craftsman Liang Mian Photo/Li Bo
The construction technology has always been passed down in the form of master and apprenticeship. It has never entered the school to become a subject. However, Sanshan Village offers gray plastic courses in primary schools and kindergartens, which are popular with children.
In a small street shop in Sanshan Village, Li Guangyong is creating a gray-sculpted work called “Eight Immortals Picture”. “This work was originally prepared to participate in the village’s Luban Festival exhibition this year, but unfortunately I didn’t get there, so I missed it. It’s better to miss it, Babaylan can calm down and slowly beat it.”
Li Guangyong was chatting with reporters while holding a handful of bullsCinemaThe wood cone is pressed on the gray plastic panel to make it easier for the panel to hang clay. “It’s not time to display this year, so I’ll wait for next year to display it. ”
In 2017, Sanshan Village was selected as the second batch of national characteristic towns list. Li Zhipei said that Sanshan Village has a history of more than 800 years, and the commemoration of Luban will become the annual festival in the village – “Luban Festival”.
Li Zhipei also proposed to build a Luban cultural broadband on the north side of the ancient temple. href=”https://funnybookish.com/”>Komiks site, and build a craftsman museum to collect and exhibit craftsmen’s works across the province, attracting more young people to learn. In the future, Sanshan Village will be built into a characteristic town of craftsmen in Lingnan.
Inheritance: Let young craftsmen see the career prospects
Zhu Qiuli said that urban and rural historical and cultural heritage is mainly protected by craftsmen. Now most of them are over 50 years old in this industry, and no successor is a common problem. “The lack of vocational education and the narrow teaching of masters and apprentices has exacerbated the crisis of craftsmen’s inheritance. ”
How to solve the problem of inheritance of craftsmen? Zhu Qiuli believes that to retain craftsmen, we must first have encouragement policies. Old artists must have the right status. With a status, they must also have corresponding cultural heritage allowances and guarantee mechanisms. “Traditional architectural craftsmanship, like modern architectural decoration, must have professional title assessment, so that young craftsmen can see their professional prospects. ”
”As the craftsmen grow old, the technology of ancient building construction has also grown old. For example, there are no few good people in the market who can build bamboo trellis. This is also a traditional technique for restoring ancient buildings. Bamboo trellis is lightweight and suitable for repairing one or two floors of ancient buildings, which is more convenient than iron racks. “Ouyang Lun, an ancient building repair expert, told reporters.
A ancient building expert told reporters: “Now the government departments have vigorously promoted the famous craftsman activities, and the status and treatment of craftsmen have gradually improved. In addition to paying attention to a few famous craftsmen, we should also pay attention to ordinary craftsmen. Only in this way can we not deviate from the essence of protecting ancient buildings and their traditional craftsmanship. ”
The expert believes that the value of craftsmen lies in inheriting traditional techniques and striving for excellence. Craftsmen are the basic guarantee for restoring the original appearance of ancient buildings. They attach importance to craftsmen, which reflects respect for traditional values. Only when craftsmen have successors can these precious ancient building construction techniques and spiritual qualities attached to them be preserved. (Xiao Guilai)Komiks
Source｜Guangzhou Daily
Editor｜Cui Wencan
Intern Editor｜He Haoxian