Text/Reporter Chen Liang Wang Yuying
Photo/Yangcheng Evening News
A folk belief that is “unknown” has no classics and no classics. It originated in eastern Guangdong and has lasted for thousands of years and has remained popular. In Taiwan alone, there are more than 6 million believers. Its ancestral home has just been awarded the “Cross-Strait Exchange Base”, which is called “King of the Three Mountains”.
What is the “three”? Why are there three “mountains”? Where did the “king” come from? What is the charm of this folk belief called “King of the Three Mountains Babaylan 1990 cloth draw“?
On November 4, the “Strait·Three Mountains·Four Seas” Sanshan King Academic Seminar, hosted by Yangcheng Evening News Group, co-organized by Sun Yat-sen University Humanities and Social Sciences Department, and the Guangdong Cross-Strait Exchange Promotion Association, was held on the South Campus of Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou Campus. Zhang Ke, Secretary of the Party Group and Director of the Guangdong Provincial Ethnic and Religious Affairs Commission, and Xiao Bing, Deputy Director of the Taiwan Affairs Office of the Guangdong Provincial Party Committee, attended the seminar.
Explore the core of folk beliefs and promote communication and exchanges among Chinese and overseas Chinese
Since the “First Sanshan Ancestral Temple Academic Seminar” in Jiexi, Jieyang City in October 1992, more than 10 “Sanshan Kings” cultural scholars from Guangdong, Fujian, Taiwan, and Malaysia, China gathered again to discuss the development and current situation of the “Sanshan Kings” folk belief culture, as well as the history and path of its dissemination at home and abroad.
Four experts issued a keynote report, through the tracing of historical materials and the current situation, they explored the spiritual core of the folk belief of the “Three Mountains Kings” and demonstrated the important role played by the “Three Mountains Kings” culture in uniting the hearts of the people on both sides of the Taiwan Strait and promoting communication and exchanges between Chinese and overseas Chinese at home and abroad. Chen Chunsheng: The concept of “protecting the country and assassinating the people” is the common connection and vision of believers from both sides of the Taiwan Strait and overseas. He is a professor of the Department of History of Sun Yat-sen University and a researcher at the Center for Historical Anthropology of Sun Yat-sen University. He also serves as the Chairman of the Ministry of Education’s History Major Teaching Guide for History and Song Dynasty.The keynote report of “The Stream of the Faith of the Three Mountains Kings since the Past”. Chen Chunsheng has been associated with the King of Sanshan for decades and has traveled across Guangdong and Taiwan. He has deeply thought about the origin and development of the King of Sanshan’s folk beliefs and cultural values. His academic thoughts and research methods have had a profound influence on the academic community. Chen Chunsheng quoted the explanation of Professor Wolfgang Franke of Hamburg University in Germany, who had taught for a long time in China and Malaysia, pointing out that the so-called “Three Mountain Kings” may be a remains of the ancient Yue Mountain God’s belief in the Yue ethnic group and is related to ethnic minority customs, which are not unique to the Chaozhou area.
“The central dynasty’s recognition of folk beliefs such as the Sanshan King was a very effective and widely adopted method in the ancient Chinese central dynasty’s rule in the southern region.” Chen Chunsheng emphasized the interaction between “national consciousness” and civil society in his speech. He believes that the practice of Song Huizong awarding the “Mingsheng” temple to Chaozhou’s “Three Shenshan” temple is a very typical expression of national consciousness in the developed southern civil society. There are plaques hanging high in many Sanshan king palaces and temples in mainland China and Taiwan, revealing the mentality of hope that the gods will maintain a balance between the “nation” and the “nation” and the “nation” so that both can benefit. Folk belief is one of the links between the two sides of the Taiwan Strait. Komiks 1960 witch cloth drawMany folk belief traditions in mainland China have developed in Taiwan, which has also given the people on both sides of the Taiwan Strait to have more connection and communication fate.
Chen Chunsheng said that although the customs and habits in different parts of China are very different, China has long been a unified country. To determine whether a place understands and accepts the central ideology lies in the fact that the local scholars and gentry class are in many ways.aw can consciously explain local cultural traditions and customs to a large extent in line with the “rituals and laws” of the court.
He emphasized that in traditional Chinese society, “national consciousness” is everywhere and everywhere. In historical and cultural research, only by having a systematic grasp and deep understanding of national ideology and dynasty rules and regulations can we have a more intimate understanding of the changes in local and folk customs and beliefs and their significance.
Qiu Yangui: The Sanshan King Palace Temple has become an important historical evidence for the study of Taiwan’s immigration history
The Sanshan King Palace Temple has become an important historical evidence for the study of Taiwan’s immigration history, and is also a symbol of the ancestral homes of the Chaoshan and Hakka people in Taiwan. Qiu Yangui, a professor in the Department of Monumental Art Repair and Repair at the Taiwan University of the Arts, wrote a report titled “The Faith of the King of Sanshan, Taiwan”. He mentioned that Taiwanese believers have more communication with mainland people through the opportunity to go to the Sanshan Ancestral Temple in mainland China.
Qiu Yangui introduced that the phenomenon of the Three Mountains King’s belief in Taiwan is still regarded as a method of identifying Hakka groups in the 21st century, but in his opinion, this overly simple method should be discussed again. He observed the belief of the Sanshan King in Taiwan from the perspectives of social organization and ethnic relations, and summarized it into four types: “guild hall type”, “guest base type”, “anti-economic type”, and “chaohui Fulao type”. Among them, the number of “customer-bottom” and “anti-ban style” temples has reached about 80, with the largest size. After Taiwan’s industrialization in the 1970s, more “immigrant-type” temples appeared in the city.
Chen Zhiping: “Great Love” is the core meaning of folk belief
Director of the Institute of Chinese Studies, Xiamen University, and the Association of the Chinese Ming History SocietyKomiks 1960witch cloth drawProfessor Chen Zhiping gave a speech entitled “The Cultural Significance of the Faith of Mazu and the King of Sanshan” entitled “The Cultural Significance and Inheritance of the Faith of Mazu and the Three Mountains”. He believes that the belief in Mazu and the Sanshan King are both part of China’s excellent traditional culture, and its core meaning is “urgent for the people”, full of “great love” spirit, and has the function of social education and cultural cultural. Folk culture, including the beliefs of Mazu and the Sanshan King, became one of the important channels for the spread of Chinese culture overseas after the 18th century.
Wang Chenfa: Studying the Sanshan King is one of the responsibilities of reviving China
Wang Chen, Dean of the Malaysian Taoist Academy and Distinguished Professor of Communication University of Hanjiang, Malaysia, gave a speech entitled “The Social Organization and Educational Function of the Sanshan King Temple in Nanyang”, explaining what kind of transformation the Sanshan King culture has taken place after it has arrived overseas, and how to achieve harmony between change and unchange. He said that the study of the Sanshan King Temple, from the standpoint of national rejuvenation, examines how the Sanshan King Organization in various places constitutes the development, construction and maintenance of society, is one of the responsibilities of future generations and descendants to strive to revive China. Wang Chenfa suggested that the Sanshan King Palace and Temple can do the same thing at home and abroad – acting as a cultural carrier and spreading cultural confidence, and taking root from academic research, and then combining the advantages and characteristics of the Sanshan King culture to brand it, attracting more people to understand the Chinese nation more comprehensively through the Sanshan Kingdom. Many new technologies can be used, such as AI, social charity work, participation in local environmental protection activities, etc., and use limited temple space to exert global influence.
Creative transformation and innovative development, scholars have insightful insights
How to inherit the traditional culture for thousands of years and take root in the folk “grassroots” beliefs to achieve creative transformation and innovative development? During the roundtable discussion session of the seminar, scholars saidThey have their own opinions.
Xiao Wenping, director and professor of the Hakka Research Institute of Jiaying College of Meizhou, pointed out that as the mountain god, King Sanshan, as the mountain god, reflects the Chinese nation’s tradition of respecting nature. His spirit of patriotism, love for the country, protecting villages, and guarding the land has established the concept of hometown for the people, and the spirit of fairness, justice and justice advocated also have important value in the contemporary times. Cinema 1950 witch cloth draw
Xie Guiwen, a professor at Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, believes that folk beliefs are important assets for the country, society, and people, and have survival functions, integration functions, and cognitive functions. Chen Xianbo, a professor at South China Normal University, said that the history of the Three Mountains King is not only a history of folk beliefs, but also a history, social and economic history developed by Cinema 1950 witch cloth draw, and a history of mutual learning between Chinese history and civilization.
Wu Mengxian, associate professor at Jieyang Vocational and Technical College, said that his investigation found that the people often regard the King of Sanshan as an important social bond in interpersonal communication.
Xiamen University Professor Lian XinBabaylan 1990 cloth drawHao suggested that the King of Sanshan could also learn from the successful cases left by Mazu’s beliefs and customs, and the two sides of the Taiwan Strait worked together.
Chen Zhiping, professor, doctoral supervisor, and dean of the Institute of Chinese Studies, pointed out that the Sanshan King must achieve innovative cultural development, and local governments should take the lead in promoting it cannot be ignored.
Associate Professor Ou Junyong of Hanshan Normal University shared,Part of Jieyang culture, the King of Sanshan is actually “very vivid”. He has to walk to the fields to have a real feeling.
Wen Jianqin, associate professor at Hanshan Normal University, said that when he tells students about Chinese cultural history and Chaoshan history and culture, he will use the Sanshan King as a case to analyze his cultural phenomena. The students are very interested and have developed related cultural and creative products.
Cinema 1950 witch cloth draw Professor Chen Lihua from Tsinghua University in Taiwan mentioned that to let young people understand the traditional Babaylan 1990 clothes draw, we must use the “discourse” methods of young people such as good movies, short videos, music, and comics.
Lin Guoping, a professor at Fujian Normal University, summarized that folk beliefs such as the King of Sanshan are an important part of Chinese traditional culture and are precious cultural heritage left to us by our ancestors. They should be cherished more.
The Sanshan King Culture Documentary Premiere of “From the Three Mountains to the Four Seas” at the meeting. The Sanshan King Culture Documentary Premiere was also held at the meeting. The Sanshan King Culture Documentary Premiere of “From the Three Mountains to the Four Seas”. The documentary team went to Southeast Asian countries such as Malaysia, Cambodia, Vietnam, and Sanshan Temple in Guangdong, Guangxi, Taiwan, etc. in China, to communicate with believers and related folklore scholars, record the inheritance and changes of the sacrificial culture of the Sanshan King, and show the profound historical, humanistic and social value of the Sanshan King culture accumulated over the past thousand years.
[Small Knowledge] “King of the Three Mountains” Folk Belief Culture
The “King of the Three Mountains” Folk Belief Culture originated in eastern Guangdong and is now widely spread to Taiwan and Southeast Asia. Its spirit of “protecting the country and safe people, peace and stability” has been respected by the people of all generations. Lintian Ancestral Temple located in Jieyang, Guangdong Province is the ancestral temple of the Sanshan King Palace Temple in the world.He was awarded the “Cross-Strait Exchange Base” in 2023.
